Evidencia científica de los beneficios de la MFGM para el desarrollo cerebral y la función cognitiva
Numerosos ensayos controlados aleatorizados han investigado el efecto de la suplementación con MFGM (Membrana del Glóbulo de Grasa de la Leche), lípidos complejos de la leche o componentes de la MFGM en los lactantes y los niños. En consonancia con la investigación preclínica, la mayoría de estos estudios han demostrado beneficios en la cognición, el comportamiento, el desarrollo del sistema inmunológico y la salud intestinal. Muchos ensayos se han centrado específicamente en favorecer el desarrollo cerebral mediante la adición de componentes de la MFGM, como gangliósidos y esfingomielina (SM), a la dieta de las poblaciones pediátricas en diferentes grupos de edad.
La siguiente tabla resume los estudios clínicos que informan sobre el papel de los componentes de la membrana del Glóbulo de Grasa de la Leche en el apoyo a la mielinización cerebral, la función cognitiva y la función socioemocional en los lactantes y los niños, ofreciendo información valiosa sobre los posibles beneficios de incorporar la MFGM a la nutrición infantil.
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Tabla que ilustra los ensayos clínicos que investigan los componentes de la MFGM
- Deoni S, Dean D, Joelson S, O’Regan J, Schneider N. Early nutrition influences developmental myelination and cognition in infants and young children. Neuroimage. 2018;178:649-659.
- Schneider N, Bruchhage MMK, O’Neill BV, Hartweg M, Tanguy J, Steiner P, Mutungi G, O’Regan J, McSweeney S, D’Sa V, Deoni SCL: A Nutrient Formulation Affects Developmental Myelination in Term Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2022, 9:823893.
- Deoni S, D’Sa V: Enhanced brain myelination and cognitive development in children assocated with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) intake: a temporal cohort study. In European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 55th Annual Meeting; Vienna, Austria. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN); 2023: 1407;N-O001.
- Timby N, Domellof E, Hernell O, Lonnerdal B, Domellof M: Neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth until 12 mo of age in infants fed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014.
- Xia Y, Jiang B, Zhou L, Ma J, Yang L, Wang F, Liu H, Zhang N, Li X, Petocz P, Wang B: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of healthy Chinese term infants fed infant formula enriched in bovine milk fat globule membrane for 12 months - A randomized controlled trial. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2021, 30:401-414.
- Gurnida DA, Rowan AM, Idjradinata P, Muchtadi D, Sekarwana N: Association of complex lipids containing gangliosides with cognitive development of 6-month-old infants. Early Hum Dev 2012, 88:595-601.
- Tanaka K, Hosozawa M, Kudo N, Yoshikawa N, Hisata K, Shoji H, Shinohara K, Shimizu T: The pilot study: Sphingomyelin-fortified milk has a positive association with the neurobehavioural development of very low birth weight infants during infancy, randomized control trial. Brain and Development 2013, 35:45-52.
- Veereman-Wauters G, Staelens S, Rombaut R, Dewettinck K, Deboutte D, Brummer RJ, Boone M, Le Ruyet P: Milk fat globule membrane (INPULSE) enriched formula milk decreases febrile episodes and may improve behavioral regulation in young children. Nutrition 2012, 28:749-752.
- Li F, Wu SS, Berseth CL, Harris CL, Richards JD, Wampler JL, Zhuang W, Cleghorn G, Rudolph CD, Liu B, et al: Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Lactoferrin in Infant Formula: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2019, 215:24-31 e28.
- Colombo J, Harris CL, Wampler JL, Zhuang W, Shaddy DJ, Liu BY, Wu SS: Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 5.5 Years of Age in Children Who Received Bovine MFGM and Lactoferrin in Infant Formula Through 12 Months of Age: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2023:113483.
- Nieto-Ruiz A, Garcia-Santos JA, Bermudez MG, Herrmann F, Dieguez E, Sepulveda-Valbuena N, Garcia S, Miranda MT, De-Castellar R, Rodriguez-Palmero M, et al: Cortical Visual Evoked Potentials and Growth in Infants Fed with Bioactive Compounds-Enriched Infant Formula: Results from COGNIS Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019, 11.
- Nieto-Ruiz A, Diéguez E, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Catena E, Jiménez J, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Catena A, Miranda MT, García-Santos JA, M GB, Campoy C: Influence of a Functional Nutrients-Enriched Infant Formula on Language Development in Healthy Children at Four Years Old. Nutrients 2020, 12.
- Nieto-Ruiz A, Diéguez E, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Herrmann F, Cerdó T, López-Torrecillas F, De-Castellar R, Jiménez J, Pérez-García M, Miranda MT, et al: The Effects of an Infant Formula Enriched with Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Synbiotics on Child Behavior up to 2.5 Years Old: The COGNIS Study. Nutrients 2020, 12.
- Cerdo T, Ruiz A, Acuna I, Nieto-Ruiz A, Dieguez E, Sepulveda-Valbuena N, Escudero-Marin M, Garcia-Santos JA, Garcia-Ricobaraza M, Herrmann F, et al: A synbiotics, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and milk fat globule membranes supplemented formula modulates microbiota maturation and neurodevelopment. Clin Nutr 2022, 41:1697-1711.
- Nieto-Ruiz A, Garcia-Santos JA, Verdejo-Roman J, Dieguez E, Sepulveda-Valbuena N, Herrmann F, Cerdo T, De-Castellar R, Jimenez J, Bermudez MG, et al: Infant Formula Supplemented With Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Synbiotics Is Associated With Neurocognitive Function and Brain Structure of Healthy Children Aged 6 Years: The COGNIS Study. Front Nutr 2022, 9:820224.
